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Literacy Online. Every child literate - a shared responsibility.
Ministry of Education.

What we know about teaching reading and writing in Y1-4

"Three related concepts underlie understandings about how children acquire literacy:

  • The pathway to literacy is developmental.
  • Social and cultural practices shape children's literacy learning
  • Children take individual and multiple pathways to literacy.

An understanding of these concepts is essential for teachers planning literacy programmes, choosing learning activities, and being strategic in their teaching."

Effective literacy practice in years 1-4, p.21

The diagram below explores the teaching practices that make up a comprehensive literacy programme for years 1-4

What we know about teaching reading and writing in Y1-4

  1. Developing knowledge for literacy learning

    Developing knowledge for literacy learning

  2. Sounds and words

  3. Spelling

    Spelling

  4. The development of knowledge, strategies, and awareness

    The development of knowledge, strategies, and awareness

  5. Phonemic awareness and phonics

    Phonemic awareness and phonics

  6. Learning about print

    Learning about print

  7. Developing awareness as a reader and writer

    Developing awareness as a reader and writer

  8. Developing a sight vocabulary

    Developing a sight vocabulary

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